Count Gudovich was educated at the universities of Koenigsberg, Halle and Leipzig. On 1 January 1759, he began active military service. He fought courageously in the two Russo-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1789-1791 and was rewarded with promotion. On 16 March 1770, he was given the rank of brigadier "for defeating the enemy at Rachevsky Forest", on 4 December 1770, he was made a major-general "for defeating an enemy corps at Bukareshgamy", and on 12 November 1790, he was promoted to infantry general "for capturing the Turkish fortress of Kissim". He was also awarded a number of medals.
Like his predecessors, Gudovich held a number of major administrative posts. In 1799 he was given command of an army "intended for raids against the French". In 1807 he was promoted to the rank of field-marshal-general.
Gudovich continued work on the plan of the city. In 1810 a new plan of Moscow was compiled, indicating the boundaries of each borough, district and individual property. That same year saw the opening of Strannopriimny House, a large charitable institution built beyond the Zemlyanoi Rampart by the Sukharev Gates on money donated by N.P. Sheremetyev.
The duties of the commander-in-chief of Moscow also included attention to the state of affairs "in the medical section", and Gudovich supported sensible proposals for the organisation of the sale of medicines and the provision of medical assistance to the population.
Gudovich tendered his resignation on grounds of ill health.
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