Having risen to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, Nikolai Grigoryevich Zherebtsov was transferred to civil service. In 1746 he was appointed chief procurator to the Senate.
On 31 May 1758, he was appointed governor of the Moscow gubernia. From 19 August 1756 until 16 August 1760, and from January until June 1762, Zherebtsov was again head of the Moscow gubernia. Documents reveal that he continued to attend the Moscow gubernia office and to sign decrees even after the appointment of P.B. Cherkassky in 1760.
Frequent fires considerably altered land boundaries in Moscow and other towns. The government of Empress Elizabeth decided to conduct a land survey throughout the whole country, beginning with the capital. A decree to this effect was issued on 5 February 1755. By the very next year, the Kobylskaya settlement on the Yauza had been surveyed, together with the Syromyatnicheskaya and Staraya Alexeyevskaya settlements, the Semyonovskaya merchant settlement, the Soldatskiye settlements of the Semyonovsky and Preobrazhensky regiments and the village of Pokrovskoye (Rubtsovo). In 1757 the Nikolo-Yamskaya settlement and the land of the Monastery of the Epiphany were surveyed. In 1756, 13,742 residences were registered in Moscow.
In 1759, two decrees were issued relating to the city's fortified walls. The decree dated 30 April authorised governors to dismantle fortresses fallen into disrepair and to use the bricks to repair government buildings, churches and almshouses. The decree dated 24 May reads: "On repairs to the city walls in Moscow, gates, towers and the Ivan the Great bell tower without any change to the old facade".
On 9 June 1762, the chief administrative post in the city and gubernia passed to governor-general A.B. Buturlin. Zherebtsov remained governor. On being appointed to this post, I.I. Yushkov wrote in his report to the Empress on 27 January 1765: "When I took up my post in this gubernia, the list received from the privy counsellor and former governor Zherebtsov showed for [ 1 ] 756 alone one thousand two hundred and fifteen unresolved matters...."
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