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In 1679, Romodanovsky joined the court of Fyodor Alexeyevich, and then of Peter the Great. From 1685 to 1687 he was governor of Pskov, and from 1689 to 1692 governor of Kiev, where he supervised the activities of I.S. Mazepa, hetman of the Ukraine. In 1692 he returned to court.
In 1698, Romodanovsky was called upon to suppress a revolt by the Streltsi (in 16-18th century Russia, state infantry troops equipped with firearms) in Toropets, after which he was also involved in the trial. Suspected of sympathising with the Streltsi, he was exiled to his estate on the Klyazma. However, by the following year he had succeeded in allaying the suspicions against him, and Peter the Great invited him to take part in compiling a new lawcode.
In 1703 he received a letter of recommendation for the Sumy campaign. From 1705 to 1707 he was in charge of the Supplies Office responsible for army supplies.
In accord with an imperial decree of 23 January 1712, M.G. Romodanovsky was appointed governor of Moscow. His attempts to assume complete control over the gubernia were opposed by the Senate. His complaints against the restrictions and injuries "inflicted by the honourable senators" also failed to win the support of Peter the Great. In September 1712, the Land Office that had been in his charge was transferred to the Senate.
Romodanovsky was buried on his estate of Mstery in the Vladimir gubernia.
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